A torsion spring is a mechanical element that stores and releases energy by rotating about its axis. Its core principle is based on the relationship between torque and torsion angle in mechanics. Specifically, torque (T) and torsion angle (θ) exhibit a linear relationship: T = kθ, where k is the torsional stiffness, expressed in N·mm/rad. This relationship indicates that for every degree of twist, the spring generates a corresponding torque. For example, a certain type of music wire spring has a k value of 1.2 N·mm/rad, meaning that a torque of 1.2 N·mm is applied for every degree of twist.
A torsion spring stores elastic potential energy (E = ½ kθ²) when deformed, which is converted into mechanical work when released. Unlike compression springs, the force applied to a torsion spring is perpendicular to the axis, so the design must consider the amplification effect of arm length on torque.
Material selection is crucial when designing a torsion spring. Music wire (SWP-A) is suitable for applications with high fatigue life, such as power tools, due to its high tensile strength (2000-2200 MPa). Stainless steel (SUS304) is widely used due to its corrosion resistance, but it reduces stiffness by approximately 15%. Geometric parameters such as wire diameter and number of coils also affect spring performance.
Torsion springs have a wide range of applications, including traditional applications such as automotive wipers (required to withstand 500,000 cycles) and mouse micro switches (torque accuracy required to be ±0.05 N·mm), as well as emerging areas such as flexible robotic joints (using titanium alloy memory springs, which increase deflection by 40%) and wearable devices (miniaturized designs with wire diameters <0.1mm).
When using and maintaining torsion springs, ensure that the preload angle does not exceed 30% of the total travel during installation. Regular lubrication (such as with molybdenum disulfide grease) can extend the lifespan by 2-3 times. Avoiding side loads also prevents destabilization of the coil structure.
These products are now available in our store. Our torsion springs are made of high-quality materials, offering long fatigue life and stable torque performance. Please contact us for more information and to provide you with the best solution.
